916 resultados para Doenças autoimunes


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Nesta revisão são abordadas as doenças em que existem dados e perspectivas do uso de transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas em suas diversas modalidades. São apresentados também os aspectos referentes aos regimes de condicionamento empregados, e sua relação com toxicidade e taxa de mortalidade ligadas ao transplante. São apresentadas as doenças autoimunes e particularizados dados específicos do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, esclerose sistêmica e esclerose múltipla e diabetes mellitus tipo 1. A base do procedimento nas doenças autoimunes é a reprogramação imunológica. Aparentemente o procedimento tem sua indicação nas doenças em que os tratamentos convencionais de imunossupressão tenham falhado, e o dano orgânico não tenha sido definitivo, mas tenha chance de ocorrer caso não seja realizado o transplante. A modalidade aparentemente indicada no momento deve ser o transplante de células-tronco autogênico com regimes de condicionamento não mieloablativo para se obter sobrevivência estimada em mais de 50% em todas as doenças, com baixa toxicidade e com mortalidade nula ligada ao transplante. São apresentados também os resultados nos tumores sólidos, que são discutíveis, e particularidades no câncer de mama. A aparente indicação para os tumores sólidos é transplante de células-tronco alogênico e se baseia no tratamento intensivo com doses mieloablativas com a finalidade de se induzir o efeito enxerto contra o tumor. Os regimes não mieloablativos são preconizados com a finalidade de redução da toxicidade e indução de imunossupressão, sendo os dados insuficientes e discutíveis, o que obriga a introdução de novas estratégias terapêuticas baseadas na terapia imune e celular.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A Neuromielite Óptica (NMO), anteriormente considerada como um subtipo de Esclerose Múltipla, é uma doença autoimune, inflamatória do sistema nervoso central, na qual o sistema imune ataca a mielina dos neurônios localizados nos nervos ópticos e medula espinhal, produzindo, então, mielite e neurite óptica simultânea ou sequenciais. A patogênese da neuromielite óptica é influenciada pela combinação de fatores genéticos e ambientais, incluindo agentes infecciosos. Diferentes doenças infecciosas podem tanto desencadear como exacerbar a autoimunidade. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi de analisar a responsividade imune in vitro a Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans em pacientes com NMO recorrente-remitente, e a correlacionar ao nível de incapacidade neurológica. Nesse contexto, a extensão da linfoproliferação e perfil de citocinas em resposta a S. aureus e C. albicans, em culturas de células mononucleares do sangue periférico (CMSP) foram similares entre pacientes com NMO e indivíduos saudáveis. Entretanto, maior proliferação de células T associada à elevada liberação de IL-1β, IL-6 e IL-17 foi observada em culturas de células derivadas de pacientes com NMO quando estimuladas com E. coli. Ademais, nessas culturas, a produção de IL-10 foi significativamente menor quando comparada ao grupo controle. Ensaios conduzidos em culturas de CMSP depletadas de diferentes subtipos de linfócitos demonstraram que, enquanto células T CD4+ e T CD8+ produzem IL-6 em resposta a E. coli, a produção de IL-17 foi praticamente restrita às células T CD4+. Os níveis de IL-6 e IL-17 in vitro induzidos por E. coli foram correlacionados positivamente às incapacidades neurológicas. Essa maior tendência a produzir citocinas relacionadas ao perfil Th17 foi diretamente associada aos níveis de IL-23 produzidos por monócitos ativados com LPS. De modo interessante, níveis elevados de LPS foram quantificados no plasma de pacientes com NMO e estes foram correlacionados aos níveis plasmáticos de IL-6. Em conclusão, nossos resultados sugerem que uma maior responsividade a E. coli poderia estar envolvida na patogênese da NMO. Esse tipo de investigação é muito importante pois inibidores da ligação ou sinalização do TLR poderiam ser considerados terapias com grande potencial como adjuvantes no tratamento de pacientes com NMO.

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Comparar e caracterizar, por intermédio dos protocolos de avaliação da deglutição, os achados fonoaudiológicos na fase preparatória oral e oral da deglutição nos pacientes avaliados nos dois grupos de doenças (DM/PM e ES). Foram identificados 80 pacientes com diagnóstico de dermatopolimiosite e esclerose sistêmica, de ambos os sexos, atendidos no ambulatório de Colagenoses do serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE-UERJ). Foram excluídos os indivíduos abaixo de 18 anos e acima de 60 anos (24) e com outras doenças e/ ou comorbidades. Dos 56 pacientes restantes, 73,2% (41) apresentavam ES e 26,8% (15) DM/PM. Após a assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, os indivíduos foram submetidos à avaliação clínica estrutural e funcional da deglutição pelo pesquisador, que é fonoaudiólogo. O estudo revelou elevada prevalência de alterações oromiofuncionais e da deglutição na fase preparatória oral e oral propriamente dita nos pacientes com ES para a consistência sólida, que geram disfagia oral e alta, e não somente uma disfagia baixa como tem sido apresentado na literatura médica. O estudo reforçou que as mulheres são as mais acometidas pelas doenças autoimunes e que os homens são em menor número. O fonoaudiólogo deve ser parte integrante da equipe interdisciplinar que atende esses pacientes.

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Introdução: O infliximabe é um anticorpo monoclonal quimérico que inibe o fator de necrose tumoral, sendo usado em doenças autoimunes e/ou inflamatórias, tais como a artrite reumatóide (AR), a espondilite anquilosante (EA), a psoríase e a artrite psoriásica (AP) e as doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII). Objetivos: Avaliar se o infliximabe induz à formação de autoanticorpos e verificar a ocorrência de eventos adversos, sobretudo o lúpus induzido por este medicamento. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo aberto, prospectivo, de fase IV, onde dosamos os autoanticorpos antes e depois do tratamento (das doenças citadas anteriormente), o qual teve duração mínima de 6 meses (5 infusões). Resultados: No total, 286 pacientes foram avaliados para o fator anti-nuclear (FAN) por imunofluorescência indireta em células Hep2, sendo significativo o aumento de número de indivíduos (p = 0,0001), antes e depois da medicação. Além do FAN, foram dosados, em 146 pacientes, 17 outros autoanticorpos pelo método multiplex, sendo que o anti-DNA de dupla hélice (anti-dsDNA) e o anticardiolipina IgM (aCL IgM) tiveram um aumento significativo (p = 0,003 e 0,0024, respectivamente). Pacientes com AR tiveram uma variação significativa nos títulos do anticorpo anti-proteína citrulinada (ACPA) (antes e depois do tratamento) (p = 0,012). De todos os pacientes avaliados (n = 286), somente 1 (0,35%) apresentou sinais clínicos e laboratoriais de lúpus induzido pelo infliximabe. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que o infliximabe interferiu na formação de autoanticorpos (FAN, anti-dsDNA, aCL IgM e ACPA), sendo rara a indução de lúpus pelo medicamento.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

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Mesenchymal stromal cells are adult stem cells found mostly in the bone marrow. They have immunosuppressive properties and they have been successfully applied as biological therapy in several clinical trials regarding autoimmune diseases. Despite the great number of clinical trials, MSCs’ action is not fully understand and there are no identified markers that correlate themselves with the immunomodulatory power. A lipidomic approach can solve some of these problems once lipids are one of the major cells’ components. Therefore, in this study cells’ lipidome was analysed and its deviations were evaluated according to the medium of culture and to the presence of pro-inflammatory stimuli, mimicking physiological conditions in which these cells are used. This was the first study ever made that aimed to analyse the differences in the phospholipid profile between mesenchymal stromal cells non-stimulated and stimulated with proinflammatory stimulus. This analysis was conducted in both cells cultured in medium supplemented with animal serum and in cells cultured in a synthetic medium. In cells cultured in the standard medium the levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) species with shorter fatty acids (FAs) acyl chains decreased under pro-inflammatory stimuli. The level of PC(40:6) also decreased, which may be correlated with enhanced levels of lysoPC (LPC)(18:0) - an anti-inflammatory LPC - observed in cells subjected to TNF-α and IFN-γ. Simultaneously, the relative amounts of PC(36:1) and PC(38:4) increased. TNF-α and IFN- γ also enhanced the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine PE(40:6) and decreased the levels of PE(38:6). Higher expression of phosphatidylserine PS(36:1) and sphingomyelin SM(34:0) along with a decrease in PS(38:6) levels were observed. However, in cells cultured in a synthetic medium, TNF-α and IFN-γ only enhanced the levels of PS(36:1). These results indicate that lipid metabolism and signaling is modulated during mesenchymal stromal cells action.

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Dissertação de mestrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

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RESUMO - Este estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar o impacto do lúpus eritematoso sistémico (LES) na qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde num grupo de doentes portugueses, através de instrumentos genéricos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde os instrumentos de colheita de dados foram o EQ-5D-3L e o SF-36 v.2, aplicados no decorrer de 2012, sendo a população constituída por 116 doentes com LES-NP, inscritos na Unidade de Doenças Autoimunes do Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa. Todos os doentes preencheram os critérios revistos ACR de 97 para a classificação de LES. Dos 116 doentes, 104 eram mulheres (89,7%) e 12 homens (10,3%). A idade média da amostra é de 46 anos. Os indivíduos apresentam um critério ACR médio de 5,0, um índice SLICC/ACR (SDI) médio de 0,6 (± 1,1) e uma duração média de doença de 13 anos, onde 50% dos participantes indica ser portador de LES pelo menos há 11 anos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde no LES varia em função de determinadas características demográficas dos doentes como são o caso da idade e o sexo, relacionando-se também com a duração da doença e o índice de irreversibilidade de lesão, nalgumas dimensões do EQ-5D-3L e SF-36. Estes dois instrumentos genéricos apresentam forte associação em todas as suas dimensões. Um achado relevante, prende-se com o facto de o LES apresentar uma pior qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em relação a outras doenças crónicas comparáveis.

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Proteinases are enzymes distributed widely founded in several organisms and perform many different functions, from maintaining homeostasis to the worsening of some diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases and infections. The proteins responsible of controlling the action of these enzymes are the inhibitors, that are classified based on their target proteases and are founded since simple organisms, such as bacteria, to higher organisms, such as larger plants and mammals. Plant proteinase inhibitors act by reducing or inactivating the activity of target proteases, thus, these proteins have been studied as potential tools in the treatment of diseases related to protease activities. In this context, an inhibitor of chymotrypsin from Erythrina velutina, called EvCI was previously purified and it was observed that this protein plays in vitro anticoagulant activity and anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo model. Aiming to reduce the environmental impact caused by the purification EvCI in high amounts and to facilitate the process of obtaining this protein, the recombinant chymotrypsin inhibitor from Eryhrina velutina was produced after cloning and expression in Escherichia coli. The bacteria were grown in LB medium and after induction of the expression this material was subjected to procedures for cell lysis and the product was applied on Nickel-affinity column. The proteins adsorbed were digested by thrombin and applied on Chymotrypsin-Sepharose affinity column, obtaining the purified inhibitor, named recEvCI. After electrophoresis, the recombinant inhibitor showed an approximately molecular mass of 17 kDa, and reduced the chymotrypsin and elastase activities in vitro. The recombinant inhibitor was sequenced and was found similar amino acids residues when compared to other inhibitors deposited in the database, with some modifications. recEvCI showed high stability under pH variations and reducing conditions, maintaining its activity around 80%. This protein increased the blood coagulation time in vitro by acting on the intrinsic pathway and did not show cytotoxicity against strains of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages. recEvCI showed microbicide activity related to release of nitric oxide and consequently the activation of macrophages, futhermore having proinflammatory effects assessed by increased release of TNF-α. These results indicate that recEvCI can be biotechnologically used as a new tool in the control of coagulation-related diseases as well as can be an activating agent of the immune system in immunosuppressed individuals

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The aetiology of autoimmunes disease is multifactorial and involves interactions among environmental, hormonal and genetic factors. Many different genes may contribute to autoimmunes disease susceptibility. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes have been extensively studied, however many non-polymorphic MHC genes have also been reported to contribute to autoimmune diseases susceptibility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of SLC11A1 gene in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ninety-six patients with SLE, 37 with RA and 202 controls enrolled in this case-control study, were evaluated with regard to demographic, genetic, laboratorial and clinical data. SLE mainly affects females in the ratio of 18 women for each man, 88,3% of the patients aged from 15 to 45 years old and it occurs with similar frequency in whites and mulattos. The rate of RA between women and men was 11:1, with 77,1% of the cases occurring from 31 to 60 years. The genetic analysis of the point mutation -236 of the SLC11A1 gene by SSCP did not show significant differences between alleles/genotypes in patients with SLE or RA when compared to controls. The most frequent clinical manifestations in patients with SLE were cutaneous (87%) and joint (84.9%). In patients with RA, the most frequent out-joint clinical manifestation were rheumatoid nodules (13,5%). Antinuclear antibodies were present in 100% of the patients with SLE. There was no significant relation between activity of disease and presence of rheumatoid factor in patients with RA, however 55,6% of patients with active disease presented positive rheumatoid factor. Significant association between alleles/genotypes of point mutation -236 and clinical manifestations was not found

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Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug used in the chemotherapy of some kind of cancers, autoimmune diseases and non inflammatory resistant to corticosteroids uveits. However, the rapid plasmatic elimination limits its therapeutic success, which leads to administration of high doses to maintain the therapeutic levels in the target tissues, occurring potential side effects. The aim of this study was to obtain spray dried biodegradable poly-lactic acid co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microparticles containing MTX. Thus, suitable amounts of MTX and PLGA were dissolved in appropriate solvent system to obtain solutions at different ratios drug/polymer (10, 20, 30 and 50% m/m). The physicochemical characterizing included the quantitative analysis of the drug using a validate UV-VIS spectrophotometry method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), thermal analyses and X-ray diffraction analysis. The in vitro release studies were carried out in a thermostatized phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (0.05 M KH2PO4) medium at 37°C ± 0.2 °C. The in vitro release date was subjected to different kinetics release models. The MTX-loaded PLGA microparticles showed a spherical shape with smooth surface and high level of entrapped drug. The encapsulation efficiency was greater then 80%. IR spectroscopy showed that there was no chemical bond between the compounds, suggesting just the possible occurrence of hydrogen bound interactions. The thermal analyses and X-ray diffraction analysis shown that MTX is homogeneously dispersed inside polymeric matrix, with a prevalent amorphous state or in a stable molecular dispersion. The in vitro release studies confirmed the sustained release for distinct MTX-loaded PLGA microparticles. The involved drug release mechanism was non Fickian diffusion, which was confirmed by Kornmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The experimental results demonstrated that the MTX-loaded PLGA microparticles were successfully obtained by spray drying and its potential as prolonged drug release system.

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Th17 cells have been strongly associated with the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-17 and IL-23 are important cytokines associated with this lineage. The aim of this study was to analyze, through immunohistochemical methods, the immunoexpression of IL-17 and IL-23 in the inflammatory infiltrate of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesion compared to that of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and between clinical forms reticular and erosive of OLP. The sample included 41 cases of OLP, of which 23 were reticular and 18 erosive and 10 cases of IFH. The results were subjected to nonparametric statistical tests with a 5% significance level. In OLP lesions histomorphological analysis, the most common findings were: hyperparakeratinization, specimens with atrophic epithelium in erosive clinical form (p = 0.011), epithelial projections in most of reticular type of lesions, in addition Civatte bodies were identified in most samples of both clinical forms. For immunohistochemistry analysis, five fields with strong immunoreactivity for IL-17 and IL-23 were photomicrographed at 400x magnification, images were transferred to a computer where with ImageJ software®, lymphocytes that exhibited cytoplasmic immunostaining for these cytokines were counted. A mean was established after for each case. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of imunopositive lymphocytes for IL-17 and IL-23 among the group of OLP and IFH group, however a larger amount of lymphocytes imunopositive for IL-17 was found in the LPO group (p = 0.079) and significantly higher amounts of those lymphocytes were found in the erosive OLP when compared to the group of reticular OLP and IFH (p = 0.019). Furthermore, a marker epithelial immunopositivity for IL-17 was observed in OLP group. Although the results of this study do not permit the forceful assertion about the participation of Th17 lineage in OLP lesions, the findings of immunopositive lymphocytes counting for IL-17 and IL-23, which are potent proinflammatory cytokines, together with the the marked epithelial immunopositivity found for IL-17 in this study, suggest a possible role of this lineage in the pathogenesis of this disorder

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Oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris are chronic diseases mucous membrane immune of unknown aetiology that can be observed affecting to the oral mucous. A relevant as regards neoplasies the role angiogenesis in the inflammatory chronic disease pathogenesis as it provides a substancial interest can be considered as being an activity diseases marker; besides being through specialised research of this angiogenic process to improve of understanding pathogenic mechanism. This research proposes to assess angiogenic active through of antibody immunohistochemistry expression antiCD34 antibody in 26 OLP of reticular cases, 14 OLP erosives cases, 18 of PV cases and 15 specimens of normal oral mucosa. The result was submitted non-parametric tests of 5% significance level. It is not statistically significant correlacion was seen regarding between average vessels. However, only be effectively observed the median of OLP cases was larger than pemphigus vulgaris in fact proved average larger than oral normal mucosa (p=0,280). Regarding the microvascular count of CD34 concerning clinic form oral lichen planus (reticular and erosion) increased emphasis is more cross-border average for the form erosion clinic. Despite of the statistic tests could not be more effective (p=0,720). Even though, the results of the research is not sufficient to enable to consider of angiogenic process in the pathogenesis and lesions progression of oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris, we suggest this process is present in both forms lesion, however, more studies must be made in the near future in order to prepare a well-founded proposal